What You Need To Know And Do About a Nose-Bleed (Epistaxis)

Nosebleeds (epistaxis) can be alarming, but most cases can be managed with simple first aid. Here’s what you need to know:

Causes of Nosebleeds

Dry air: Low humidity can dry out the nasal passages, making them more susceptible to bleeding.
Trauma: A blow to the nose or face can cause blood vessels to rupture.
Cold or allergies: Respiratory infections, allergies, or sinusitis can cause nasal congestion and bleeding.
High blood pressure: Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to blood vessel rupture.
Nasal polyps or tumors: Abnormal growths in the nasal passages can cause bleeding.

First Aid Measures for Nosebleeds

Stay calm

Reassure the person that nosebleeds are common and usually easy to treat.
Sit up straight

Have the person sit up straight and lean forward to prevent blood from flowing down the back of the throat.
Pinch the nose

Use the thumb and index finger to pinch the soft part of the nose shut for 5-10 minutes.
Apply cold compress

Apply a cold, damp washcloth or ice pack to the bridge of the nose to constrict blood vessels.
Avoid blowing nose

Avoid blowing the nose for at least 24 hours after the bleeding stops.

When to Seek Medical Attention

Severe bleeding: If the bleeding is heavy, rapid, or doesn’t stop after 10-15 minutes of pressure.

Recurring bleeding: If nosebleeds occur frequently or are accompanied by other symptoms like facial pain or difficulty breathing.

Injury or trauma: If the nosebleed is caused by a severe injury or trauma.

Underlying conditions: If you have a bleeding disorder, are taking anticoagulant medications, or have a history of nasal polyps or tumors.

Prevention

Use humidifiers: Dry air can exacerbate nosebleeds, so using a humidifier can help keep the nasal passages moist.

Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water to keep your body hydrated and your nasal passages moist.

Avoid picking or blowing nose: Refrain from picking or blowing your nose, as this can cause irritation and bleeding.

By following these steps and seeking medical attention when necessary, you can help manage nosebleeds and prevent complications.

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